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Pairing typefaces within a family & superfamily

The following guest article was written by Elliot Jay Stocks*

Background reading:

In our introductory article “Pairing typefaces,” we introduce at the idea of looking at other fonts within a family as a way of making life a little easier when pairing type. In this article, we’ll explore that method in more detail, especially with regard to superfamilies: The collective grouping of several explicitly related type families—such as a serif, sans, and slab—that all share the same underlying structure to their design. Using superfamilies allows us to swap fonts without disrupting our layouts, which saves us time and complexity.

Before we get going, we should briefly address the fact that the exact definition of a family and superfamily varies between foundries. Superfamilies tend to incorporate a pairing of at least a serif and sans serif, but they might also stretch to a slab serif or monospaced companion, and include multiple widths and perhaps even optical styles. Here we’re referring to a family as a grouping of explicitly related typefaces that share a common skeletal structure, and a superfamily as a larger grouping that ranges across more styles.

With a variety of options in a family and—in theory—a multitude of options in a superfamily, we have enough contrast at our disposal to not require a pairing from another typeface. And the advantage of staying within the family means there’s a shared consistency across every variation.

A serif and sans from the same type family, overlaid, so that their shared structure is apparent.

The skeletal structure is almost identical across sans serif and slab serif faces in the same type family.

However, it’s not simply the skeletal structure that’s shared across the different fonts: we’ll also benefit from the same spacing settings, the same proportions, and the same motifs being used throughout the designs.

The lowercase “a” character rendered in a serif and sans from the same family, with parts highlighted to show consistent angles and shapes in the letterforms’ design.

Note the motifs such as ink traps, proportions of the thickest strokes, and angles shared between the serif and sans.

From a font production point of view, there’ll be plenty of shared elements across the family, too, with glyphs likely sharing the same or similar vertical metrics within the em square. A shared x-height is likely, although note that this will naturally change between optical size. (Even so, the x-height of a display optical size in the serif should match the x-height of a display optical size in the sans.)

The word “Typed”, with each letter appearing twice (“Ttyyppeedd”) and alternating letters set in a serif and sans typeface from the same family to illustrate their near-identical proportions.

Here are some ideas for potential pairings. While we’re only showing two options in each, it goes without saying that the multiple weights and styles available within each family and superfamily allow for the easy creation of a robust typographic system.

Merriweather & Merriweather Sans

A bold serif typeface for a heading combined with a lighter-weight sans from the same family for a subheading.

Roboto Slab & Roboto Mono

A light slab serif typeface used for a heading, with the monospaced version from the same family used to set publishing credits.

Nunito & Nunito Sans

A soft, rounded sans serif face used for the primary text, with the non-rounded sans used for the small print.

Quattrocento & Quattrocento Sans

A serif typeface used for a heading and subheading, paired with two weights of the sans from the same family for supplementary text.

A great example of a superfamily is Breve, by DSType, which contains a serif, a sans, a slab, and an additional serif with newspaper-like features called “News”. It also offers Text and Title optical sizes for each, and—as a further extra—a separate Display face for very large sizes.

The lowercase “a” character presented in both upright and italic forms from every typeface within the superfamily Breve, designed by DS Type.

A superfamily like Breve offers so many options, in many scenarios it would make very little sense to try and pair a typeface from a different family. One example might be the addition of a completely unrelated style, such as script or handwritten-style type, to add a very direct contrast in terms of tone.

“A little smattering of a different personality” set in Breve Sans Title, except for the word “difference”, set in a calligraphic face—a style not present in the superfamily.

However, as we’ve emphasised in all type pairing articles, we should only introduce a secondary typeface if it can do something our primary typeface cannot.

* Content is owned by Google. Thank you to Doug Wilson, Ellen Lupton, and Thomas Phinney for reviewing this content.